Pump body: Typically made of high-strength cast steel or alloy steel to withstand high pressure and the corrosiveness of mud.
Piston/plunger: As the core component of reciprocating motion, it needs to be wear-resistant and have good sealing properties. Common materials are hard alloys or ceramic coatings.
Cylinder liner: Forms a sealed cavity with the piston. Materials are mostly high-chromium cast iron or bimetallic composite structures to extend service life.
Valve assembly: Includes intake and discharge valves, which are opened and closed by springs or hydraulic control to ensure unidirectional mud flow.
Power end: Composed of a crankshaft, connecting rod, and drive shaft, it converts the rotary motion of the electric motor or diesel engine into the reciprocating linear motion of the piston.